For decades, firefighters have relied on a substance in their fight against fire caught by flammable liquids and gasses. It is the fire suppressant known as Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF). The foam first came into use in 1966 and has been quite helpful in putting out Class B fires. This type is caused by fuels such as petrol, alcohol, jet fuel, lacquers, and petroleum compounds. However, this firefighting substance has a dark secret, one that poses grave risks to both the environment and human health. The formulation of AFFF includes a group of highly toxic elements known as PFAS, or ‘forever chemicals.’ Let us understand the potential risks of these forever chemicals and look out for some alternatives. From governmental alternatives to plaintiff’s litigations, this article guides you in the world of firefighting foam.
Forever Chemicals=Forever Complications
The PFAS, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances can make up as much as 50% to a shocking 98% of the foam’s composition. The risks associated with PFAS exposure are varied and quite disturbing. Potential consequences of coming into contact with these ‘forever chemicals’ are numerous and severe, reports the MarylandReporter. They range from an increased risk of kidney, prostate, and testicular cancers to thyroid disease, infertility problems, and liver damage.
High cholesterol, kidney disease, and preeclampsia also add to the list. The increasing number of cases of disease caused due to firefighting foam has resulted in firefighter foam lawsuit claims. A total number of 8,240 lawsuits have been filed as of June 2024. These cases have been consolidated into an MDL, states the Drugwatch. The defendants of this litigation are AFFF manufacturing companies like Tyco Fire Products, DuPont, 3M, etc. According to the TorHoerman Law, a $750 million settlement has been made by Tyco Fire Products. It has been approved by a South Carolina federal judge. Additionally, a $12.5 billion settlement has been seen to be made by 3M company. DuPont and Corteva have made another $1.2 billion settlement.
An Urgent Need for Alternatives
The year 2023 brings forth a new era of innovative and eco-friendly firefighting solutions. As the world engages with environmental challenges, the transition from AFFF to various alternatives represents our promise of a safer and greener future. These alternatives not only help us combat fires but also safeguard our planet for generations to come. Let us have a look at some of them.
Fluorine-Free Foams (F3):
One of the most eco-friendly alternatives to AFFF is Fluorine-Free Foams also known as F3. Fluorinated surfactants are not used in the making of these foams. Therefore, there is a significant decrease in the chances of environmental contamination and health problems. F3 foams have proven their impressive firefighting abilities by effectively putting out Class B fires. Fire departments worldwide are accepting F3 foams, marking a new generation of environmentally responsible firefighting.
Water Mist Systems
By using the power of tiny water droplets, water mist systems have completely changed how fires are put out. Due to the small droplet size, this approach is very effective in battling fires. This is because it increases the surface area available for absorbing heat. Water mist systems are adjustable and can be used to put out Class A, B, C, and K fires. They quickly lower temperatures and drain oxygen in enclosed spaces such as buildings and put out fires very quickly. The accuracy and versatility of water mist systems make them a must in the fight against fire.
Compressed Air Foam Systems
Also called CAFS, this system is a combination of water, foam concentrate, and air. It creates a foam solution that surpasses traditional systems in thickness and density. This unique composition allows CAFS to effectively extinguish both Class A and Class B fires. Thanks to its rapid cooling and excellent surface sticking, CAFS is now the go-to option for structure firefighting. The combination of these qualities represents a major development in firefighting methods.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Where are PFAS chemicals found?
PFAS chemicals can be found in a wide range of products and materials, including firefighting foams, non-stick cookware, waterproof clothing, stain-resistant fabrics, food packaging, and many more.
What are the potential sources of PFAS contamination in drinking water?
Potential sources of PFAS contamination in drinking water include industrial sites, wastewater treatment plants, landfills, and locations where firefighting foams have been used, such as military training sites and airports.
How can I reduce my exposure to PFAS chemicals?
To reduce exposure to PFAS chemicals, you can consider using alternatives to products containing the substance, filtering drinking water with activated carbon filters or reverse osmosis systems, and following any specific guidelines or recommendations provided by local health authorities.
Are there regulations in place to limit PFAS use?
Regulatory measures regarding PFAS chemicals vary by country and region. Some countries have implemented restrictions on the use of certain PFAS chemicals, while others are in the process of developing or considering regulatory actions. Governments, regulatory agencies, and industries are taking steps to address PFAS contamination. These actions include monitoring and testing for PFAS in water supplies, setting guidelines and standards for PFAS levels, implementing remediation strategies, and researching safer alternatives to PFAS chemicals. If you suspect PFAS contamination in your area, it is advisable to contact your local health or environmental authorities. They can provide guidance, conduct investigations, and inform you about any potential risks or actions that need to be taken.
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